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Peace The Frontier

Paths

Eleven decisions between 2026 and 2037. Choose in each one and see which future your path leads to, starting from where we are today.

How it works and how we label

The path starts at the today point on the matrix. Each option moves the point towards more or less peace (how much we regulate and cooperate) and more or less frontier (how fast AI advances). At the end, the path leads to the nearest future, with your exact position. If the point is already at the edge, the effect is clipped: today the frontier is already at its maximum, so options that speed it up do not move it further.

The effects are our estimates, not model outputs. The futures model takes only two numbers. How much each decision moves them is an editorial choice, and we show it next to each option so it can be debated.

How we label. We rate each option on four criteria: whether it reduces or increases harm to others, whether it has the consent of those affected, whether it spreads or concentrates benefits and power, and whether it can be undone. Each criterion adds +1, 0 or −1. With 2 or more, the option is ethical; with −2 or less, unethical; in between, ambiguous. The rule is fixed; the ratings are ours and debatable.

What follows from these estimates. If you decide nothing, you stay in Race, where we are today, and most possible combinations end there: leaving takes several decisions in the same direction. If you always choose the ethical option, you reach Pause, because the criteria reward consent and reversibility, which tend to come with more rules and less speed. An ethical option does not necessarily lead to the best future, nor the other way round.

  1. 2026Negotiate a treaty on autonomous weapons?

    After three years of UN talks, 76 countries support negotiating binding rules on autonomous weapons. In November 2026 a conference decides whether to negotiate, keep talking or give up.

    Sources: Human Rights Watch, 2026

  2. 2027What to do with the most advanced chips?

    The United States restricts sales of the most advanced AI chips to China and in January 2026 allowed some models under quotas. Controls slow a rival, but they feed mistrust.

    Sources: Chris McGuire, Council on Foreign Relations, 2026

  3. 2027Apply the European high-risk rules?

    The EU postponed to December 2027 its AI Act obligations for high-risk systems, such as those used in employment, education or borders. When the date comes, it can apply them, postpone them again or water them down.

    Sources: European Commission, 2026

  4. 2028A national law for frontier AI in the United States?

    Since 2026 California has required frontier developers to publish their safety frameworks and report serious incidents. A 2025 federal executive order seeks to override state laws and set a minimal national framework.

    Sources: California Legislature, 2025; Federal Register (United States), 2025

  5. 2029Licences to train the largest models?

    The European AI Act has imposed obligations on general-purpose models since 2025. A licence, as in aviation or medicines, would require tests before training and releasing a model.

    Sources: European Commission, 2026

  6. 2030What energy do data centres grow on?

    The IEA estimates that data centres used about 415 TWh in 2024, around 1.5% of the world’s electricity, and that in its base case they will reach about 945 TWh in 2030.

    Sources: International Energy Agency, 2025

  7. 2031An international agency that verifies AI?

    In 2025 the UN created a scientific panel and an annual dialogue on AI, which inform but do not verify. An agency like the atomic energy agency would inspect large data centres.

    Sources: United Nations, 2025; United Nations, 2026

  8. 2032If a crisis cuts the chip supply, how do we respond?

    More than 90% of the most advanced chips are made in Taiwan. This decision is a hypothesis: what to do if a crisis cuts that supply for years.

    Sources: David Sacks and Seaton Huang, Council on Foreign Relations, 2024

  9. 2033Who pays for the transition at work?

    A 2023 study estimated that in the United States around 80% of workers could have at least 10% of their tasks affected by language models, and 19% at least half.

    Sources: Eloundou, Manning, Mishkin and Rock, 2023

  10. 2035Release the weights of the most capable models?

    Releasing a model’s weights lets anyone study, adapt and use it, and spreads market control. It also makes it impossible to withdraw if a harmful use appears. In 2024 the US government recommended monitoring the risks without restricting them yet.

    Sources: NTIA, U.S. Department of Commerce, 2024

  11. 2037What if a model crosses a red line?

    In 2024, AI companies signed voluntary commitments in Seoul not to develop or deploy models whose severe risks they cannot mitigate. Making them mandatory would mean being able to pause a development.

    Sources: UK Government, 2024

Your path in summary

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